Bronze is a vessel, a device, etc. which are made by processing bronze as a basic material. Bronze, anciently known as gold or gilt, is an alloy of red copper and other chemical elements (tin, nickel, lead, phosphorus, etc.), and its rust is blue-green, hence the name. The "bronze era" referred to in history is the period in which a large number of bronze tools and bronze rituals are used. Conservative estimates, this period mainly from Xia Shangzhou to Qin and Han, the time span is about two thousand years, which is also the brilliant period of bronze from development, maturity and even prosperity. Because of its unique shape, exquisite ornamentation and elegant inscriptions, bronzes reveal the casting process, cultural level and historical origin of the pre-Qin period, which is called "a living history book" by historians. China's ancient civilization is long and profound, and bronzes are its epitome and reproduction. Generally, the development of Chinese bronze culture is divided into three major stages, namely, the formation period, the heyday and the transition period. The formation period refers to the Longshan era, dating from 4500 to 4000 years; the peak period is the Chinese bronze age, including Xia, Shang, Xi Zhou, Chunqiu and early Warring States, lasting for more than 1,600 years, which is the traditional Chinese system. The era of bronze culture; the period of transformation refers to the end of the Warring States Period - the Qin and Han Dynasties, the bronzes have gradually been replaced by iron, not only in the number of large reductions, but also from the original ritual weapons and used in ritual sacrifices, war activities and other important occasions into daily utensils, The corresponding types, structural features, and decorative arts have also undergone a turning point. First, the formation period Around the 21st century BC, China began to enter the Bronze Age. The Erlitou culture in the late Xia Dynasty is the earliest bronze culture in archaeological discoveries. The bronze containers, musical instruments, weapons, tools and accessories unearthed at the Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province, together with the foundry of the foundry, show that the bronze rituals have begun to be standardized, the walls are thin, and the ceramic block casting technology has reached Proficiency levels, animal-like features and turquoise inlays are also formed. The bronzes of this period show that China has entered a civilized society. Second, the peak period From the late Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the bronze art has reached a glorious and splendid level. The heavy wine system of the Shang Dynasty rituals is perfected, and the pattern of the cloth body is combined with the method of embossing and peace carving. Using exaggerated, symbolic techniques to express animal monsters, the animal face is unprecedentedly developed, both solemn and mysterious. The inscriptions of the Chronicles appeared at the end of the Shang Dynasty, and the rituals of the Chronicles followed, and there was a clue to the transition to the heavy food system. Casting a long inscription is an important feature of the Western Zhou Dynasty ritual. Third, the transition period The period of transition generally refers to the period from the end of the Warring States to the end of the late Qin and Han Dynasties. After hundreds of years of merger wars and political, economic, and cultural reforms aimed at enriching the country and strengthening the military, the county system replaced the sub-sealing system. The feudal society with centralized nature was finally established, and the traditional etiquette system was completely disintegrated. Products have been widely used. Earth-shaking changes have taken place in all areas of society. The status of bronzes in social life has gradually declined, and most of the artifacts have been used daily, but specific to some bronzes, there are still many beautiful works. For example, the two-pass copper horses and horses that were excavated in the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Linyi, Shaanxi. The first ride is four horses, there is a shed on the car, and the royals are seated. These two riders are made of bronze castings, the size is proportional to the actual, extremely delicate. There are still a lot of gold and silver ornaments on the car, and the whole body is painted. The second horse, 3.17 long and 1.06 meters high, can be said to be the huge, structurally and most complex bronze that has been discovered so far. It can be seen that this living history book still needs people to slowly explore and seek! Single Jersey Knitted Fabric,Knitting Fabric,Yarn Dyed Striped Knit Fabric,Knitting Fabric Shaoxing Winfar Knitting & Embroidery Co.,Ltd. , https://www.wfknitting.com
May 04, 2021