Who is the owner of the silver enamel jade for more than two thousand years?

Dahan Xiongfeng, magnificent. In 1996, a silver enamel jade was unearthed from the Tomb of Xuzhou Volcano. It is the earliest and most preserved piece of the silver enamel jade that has been excavated all over the country. Recently, this silver jade jade clothing came to Jiaxing following the “Big Han Xiongfeng – Han Dynasty Cultural Relics Exhibition from the hometown of Liu Bang”, and also exhibited 197 Western Han Dynasty cultural relics from the Xuzhou Museum collection. What kind of story does this jade clothing more than 2,100 years ago? Who is the owner of Yuyi? In the story of Meng Qiang, a researcher at the Xuzhou Museum, the truth was gradually restored.

Expert Profile: Meng Qiang, born in 1970, Shandong Taian, Xuzhou Museum Researcher. Has long been engaged in archaeological and cultural relics research. He participated in the excavation of important Han tombs such as the Tomb of the Han Han Chu of the Lion Mountain and the Tomb of the Dongdong Mountain (the Queen of Chu), and presided over and participated in several important archaeological investigations. Taking Qin and Han archaeology as the main research direction, he has published more than 30 papers and edited and published five books.

Guanbao 2116 and Tian Qingyu tablets silver silk dressing

The most famous cultural relic in the Han Dynasty was Yuyi. Yuyi is a corpse used by the emperors and senior nobles of the Han Dynasty after death. It is also the most characteristic funeral jade in China. It is divided into gold carp, silver carp, copper enamel and silk enamel. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the perfect jade clothing system was formed. According to the "Han Han Book Etiquette", only the emperor can use Jin Yuyu after his death; the princes Wang, Lie Hou, Shifeng nobles and princesses use silver jade clothing; The noble and the long princess use copper enamel clothes.

The silver jade jade clothing exhibited this time was unearthed from the Tomb of Xuzhou Volcano in 1996. The restored jade clothing consists of more than 10 parts including the hood, the front chest, the back, the left and right sleeves, and the left and right pants. 1.81 meters, made up of 2116 pieces of Hetian jade jade pieces and more than 1000 grams of silver wire.

In the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, it was very difficult to make a set of jade clothes at the production level at that time. First, the jade materials were transported from distant places in Xinjiang, and they were processed into thousands and sizes through a series of processes. Small jade pieces of different shapes, each jade piece needs to be polished and drilled, and the jade piece needs many special gold and silver wires. The cost of making a medium-sized jade clothing is almost equal to the sum of the 100 households at that time. It takes a skilled worker to spend more than 10 years to complete, which shows that the manpower and material resources it consumes are quite amazing. It was not until the Three Kingdoms period that Wei Wang Cao Yu ordered the use of jade clothes, and Yu Yi only withdrew from the historical stage.

Who is the owner of the silver enamel jade?

"The easiest and most straightforward way to determine the tomb owner is through the private printing of the funeral." Meng Qiang explained that the seal is generally the name of the owner. According to experts' judgment, the age of the tombs should be the period of the Western Han Dynasty, from 179 BC to 141 BC. A private seal unearthed in the tomb also confirmed that the name of the tomb owner was Liu He, and there was no record in the history books. It should be a member of the Western Han Dynasty Chu Wang family. The unearthed silver enamel jade clothes and a series of physical objects also confirmed the records of "the princes, the princes, the princes and the princesses, and the princesses after the death of the princes".

It is not easy to repair the jade clothing. At that time, Meng Qiang participated in the excavation of the Xuzhou volcanic tomb. Due to the age, the silver wire on the jade clothing has been oxidized for a long time, only the complete jade piece is left, and the jade coat should be ruined, and only the wheel is left, but the jade clothing is very intact. Harassment reduces the difficulty of repair. However, this silver jade jade clothing has not been repaired for more than a year, and the repair is done after the jade piece is returned, the patch is worn, the braided, the edging, the inner bag is made, and the synthetic is made. Complex.

Xuzhou volcano Han Tomb is divided into the inner chamber and the outer chamber. It was unearthed with Yuyi. There is also a complete volcanic Chinese tomb array and a series of cultural relics with important archaeological value such as jade pillow, jade grip and jade piece. Meng Qiang said that the Han Dynasty ruled the world with filial piety. He believed that people will continue to live in another world after death. The concept of "seeing death as a living" can be described as deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Therefore, in the funeral burial custom of the Han Dynasty, the tomb masters often have many lifetimes. Everyday necessities are included in the tombs, and as a result, a large number of precious historical relics have been left behind.

Meaning the cultural heritage of the two Han dynasties is preserved

In the history of China's 5,000-year civilization, the Han Dynasty, founded by Liu Bang from Fengzhong Zhongyang, smoothed the Chinese nation's six hundred years of devastation since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, forming a profound and vast Han culture. His own unique cultural personality and distinctiveness.

Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, the ancient name of Pengcheng, the north of Qilu, the south of May, since ancient times is the battleground of the military, is the hometown of Han Gaozu Liu Bang, the first strong and unified feudal empire in Chinese history - the Dahan Dynasty, born here . The main city of Xuzhou is also the location of Pengcheng in the Han Dynasty. The surrounding Han tombs are most concentrated, and the high-level tombs are also the most dense. So far, 19 tombs of eight tombs of the Western Han Dynasty have been discovered. The jade that best represents the Han Dynasty is jade. The number of jade clothes known in the country is about 50, and the Xuzhou area accounts for nearly one-third. Archaeological data prove that the Western Han Dynasty Chu State was the earliest vassal state to use jade clothing. In addition to the use of the Chu King, the Liu clan could also be used. The number of jade clothes unearthed in the early Western Han Dynasty was the largest.

The folks have been circulating, "Looking at Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xi'an in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Xuzhou in the Han Dynasty." The Xuzhou Museum's collection of 197 Western Han Dynasty cultural relics is presented in three parts: “The system is like a lion and a lion,” “National power is full and luxury,” and “Underground palace and eternal life dream”.

Entering the Heyuan Exhibition Hall on the third floor of the Jiaxing Museum, through the tall glass showcase, a magnificent and powerful Han Dynasty dynasty. Among the exhibits, there are well-formed seals, well-equipped terracotta warriors and horses, wonderfully painted kabuki and crystal-clear jade... It can be described as a collection of fine works, in addition to "Silver Jade Clothes", many of which are "S-shaped Yulong with" and "Copper Exquisite cultural relics such as "Leopard Town", "painted pottery 跽 跽", "Chudu 尉印", "around the 襟 女 women's dance 俑", these precious cultural relics show the bold and broad "big Han Xiong Feng" It shows the developed economic and cultural achievements of the Chu Kingdom in the Han Dynasty.

During the exhibition, theme activities, academic lectures and other related activities will also be held. Some of the exhibits will also be presented in a three-dimensional manner. The exhibition will be presented to the audience in three dimensions. The exhibition will last until March 12.

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